| L1 |
The importance of chemical principles |
Chemical principles in research at MIT |
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| L2 |
Discovery of electron and nucleus, need for quantum mechanics |
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Activity. Rutherford backscattering experiment with ping-pong ball alpha particles |
| L3 |
Wave-particle duality of light |
Quantum dot research at MIT (PDF) |
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| L4 |
Wave-particle duality of matter, Schrödinger equation |
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Demo. Photoelectric effect demonstration |
| L5 |
Hydrogen atom energy levels |
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Demo. Viewing the hydrogen atom spectrum |
| L6 |
Hydrogen atom wavefunctions (orbitals) |
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| L7 |
p-orbitals |
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| L8 |
Multielectron atoms and electron configurations |
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| L9 |
Periodic trends |
Alkali earth metals in the body: Na and K versus Li (lithiated 7-up) (PDF) |
Selected biology-related questions based on Lecture 1-9. (PDF)
Answer key (PDF)
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| L10 |
Periodic trends continued; covalent bonds |
Atomic size: sodium ion channels in neurons (PDF) |
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| L11 |
Lewis structures |
Lewis sturucture examples:
1) Cyanide ion in cassava plants, cigarettes
2) Thionyl chloride for the synthesis of novacaine
(PDF)
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| L12 |
Exceptions to Lewis structure rules; Ionic bonds
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1) Free radicals in biology (in DNA damage and essential for life)
2) Lewis structure example: Nitric Oxide (NO) in vasodilation (and Viagra)
(PDF)
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| L13 |
Polar covalent bonds; VSEPR theory
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1) Water versus fat-soluble vitamins (comparing folic acid and vitamin A)
2) Molecuar shape: importance in enzyme-substrate complexes
(PDF)
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| L14 |
Molecular orbital theory |
2008 Nobel Prize in chemistry: Green Flourescent Protein (GFP) (PDF)
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| L15 |
Valence bond theory and hybridization |
Restriction of rotation around double bonds: application to drug design (PDF) |
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| L16 |
Determining hybridization in complex molecules; Thermochemistry and bond energies / bond enthalpies
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1) Hybridization example: ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
2) Thermochemistry of glucose oxidation: harnessing energy from plants
(PDF)
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| L17 |
Entropy and disorder |
1) Hybridization example: identifying molecules that follow the "morphine rule"
2) ATP hydrolysis in the body
(PDF)
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| L18 |
Free energy and control of spontaneity |
1) ATP-coupled reactions in biology
2) Thermodynamics of hydrogen bonding: relevance to DNA replication
(PDF)
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| L19 |
Chemical equilibrium |
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| L20 |
Le Chatelier's principle and applications to blood-oxygen levels |
1) Maximizing the yield of nitrogen fixation: inspiration from bacteria
2) Le Chatelier's principle and hemoglobin: blood-oxygen levels
(PDF - 2.7 MB)
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Selected biology-related questions based on Lectures 10-20 (PDF)
Answer key (PDF)
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| L21 |
Acid-base equilibrium: Is MIT water safe to drink? |
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Demo. Determining pH of household items using a color indicator from cabbage leaves |
| L22 |
Chemical and biological buffers |
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| L23 |
Acid-base titrations |
pH and blood-effects from vitamin B12 deficiancy (PDF - 2.4 MB)
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| L24 |
Balancing oxidation/reduction equations |
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| L25 |
Electrochemical cells |
Oxidative metabolism of drugs (PDF) |
Demo. Oxidation of magnesium (resulting in a glowing block of dry ice) |
| L26 |
Chemical and biological oxidation/reduction reactions |
Reduction of vitamin B12 in the body (PDF)
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Selected biology-related questions based on Lectures 21-26 (PDF)
Answer key (PDF)
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| L27 |
Transition metals and the treatment of lead poisoning |
1) Metal chelation in the treatment of lead poisoning
2) Geometric isomers and drugs: i.e. the anti-cancer drug cisplatin
(PDF)
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| L28 |
Crystal field theory |
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| L29 |
Metals in biology |
Inspiration from metalloenzymes for the reduction of greenhouse gasses (PDF - 1.3 MB)
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Activity. Toothpick models: gumdrop d-orbitals, jelly belly metals and ligands
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| L30 |
Magnetism and spectrochemical theory |
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Demo. Oscillating clock reaction
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| L31 |
Rate laws |
Kinetics of glucose oxidation (energy production) in the body (PDF)
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Activity. Hershey kiss "experment" on the oxidation of glucose
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| L32 |
Nuclear chemistry and elementary reactions |
Medical applications of radioactive decay (technetium-99) (PDF)
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"Days of Our Halflives" poem
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| L33 |
Reaction mechanism |
Reaction mechanism of ozone decomposition (PDF) |
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| L34 |
Temperature and kinetics |
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Demo. Liquid nitrogen (glowsticks: slowing the chemiluminescent reaction)
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| L35 |
Enzyme catalysis |
Eyzmes as the catalysts of life, inhibitors (i.e. HIV protease inhibitors) (PDF) |
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| L36 |
Biochemistry |
The methionine synthase case study (chemistry in solution!) (PDF) |
Selected biology-related questions based on Lectures 27-36 (PDF)
Answer key (PDF)
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